why was the consumer product safety act created

why was the consumer product safety act created

Safe Medical Devices Actis passed, requiring nursing homes, hospitals, and other facilities that use medical devices to report to FDA incidents that suggest that a medical device probably caused or contributed to the death, serious illness, or serious injury of a patient. created the Consumer Product Safety Commission, empowered to promulgate safety standards for consumer products as well as to do research and maintain information on consumer products. There are many things CPSC could have done to make guns safer without the tiniest threat to Second Amendment rights. Supporters of the commission contended that the government needed to establish legislative authority over broad categories of potentially hazardous goods and products. Dont consumers buy them? 12 January 2000. But when crafting the 1972 law that created the agency, the Consumer Product Safety Act, Congress created a carveout for firearms because of pressure from gun lobbyists. After a five-year battle in Congress, however, the bill was passed in 1938 as the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Let me be clear: I am not writing about guns to pin blame on the National Rifle Association for mass killers in classrooms, though it bears plenty of responsibility. Regulations published toAccelerate the Review of Drugsfor life-threatening diseases. Thesedrug factsare designed to provide the patient with easy-to-find information, analogous to the nutrition facts label for foods. Retrieve your username. We need to make gun locks mandatory. At the same time, the brand-name companies can apply for up to five years additional patent protection for the new medicines they developed to make up for time lost while their products were going through FDA's approval process. FDA publishes in the Federal Register the first list ofsubstances generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 (RFPA), Electronic Communication Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act of 1986 (COPPA). The Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA) was passed for the purpose of protecting consumers against dangerous products. (Most of the time.). Providing that safe tolerances be set for unavoidable poisonous substances. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. In addition, a four-part definition of this class is established to permit new, black market compounds to be assigned to this category, and thus subject to regulation as controlled substances. In recent years, however, the CPSC has emerged as a more visible and vigorous protector of public safety. Ad-free. Restrictions are proposed on marketing and sales to reduce smoking by young people. Congress must pass legislation to empower a federal regulatory agency to monitor guns and ammunition for safety risks, create safety standards for gun industry products, and oversee recalls to protect consumers from dangerous and defective products. Hai-Lam Phan, Toni Pandolfo, Caroline Medina, Lindsay Mahowald. Creditors must notify consumers about payoff timing. Delaney Committeestarts congressional investigation of the safety of chemicals in foods and cosmetics, laying the foundation for the 1954 Miller Pesticide Amendment, the 1958 Food Additives Amendment, and the 1960 Color Additive Amendment. And once a company . The Minister of Health (Health Canada) has authority under the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act to order a person who manufactures, imports into Canada or sells a consumer product for commercial purposes to recall the product if Health Canada believes on reasonable grounds that the product is a "danger to human health or safety". The commission also created penalties for violations of safety standards. This landmark consumer product safety law amended CPSA in 2008 and provided CPSC with significant new regulatory and enforcement tools as part of amending and enhancing several CPSC statutes, including the Consumer Product Safety Act. Companies can produce and sell generic versions of animal drugs approved after October 1962 without duplicating research done to prove them safe and effective. 2064, the Commis-sion's staff has filed separate complaints against Black &Decker, Cadet Manufacturing, and Central SprinklerCo., seeking the recall of millions of allegedly. The commission subsequently found that "the exposure of consumers to unreasonable product hazards is excessive by any standards of measurement." To me, the only surprise was the boys target. Consumer Product Safety Commission created by . -- Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical Products," which examines thecritical pathneeded to bring therapeutic products to fruition, and how FDA can collaborate in the process, from laboratory to production to end use, to make medical breakthroughs available to those in need as quickly as possible. As part of FDASIA, reauthorizes user fees from industry to fund reviews of medical devices in exchange for FDA to meet certain performance goals. This act defines "dietary supplements" and "dietary ingredients" and classifies them as food. President Nixon orders FDA to review its GRAS list. Journal of Marketing To help consumers choose heart-healthy foods, the Department of Health and Human Services announces that FDA will requirefood labels to include trans fat content, the first substantive change to the nutrition facts panel on foods since the label was changed in 1993. "Reduce the Potential Impact of Product Liability on Your Organization." Most consumer products are subject to regulations and safety standards set by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), a regulatory agency created in 1976 through the enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA).1 This act authorized the CPSC to create and enforce mandatory safety standards, issue bans on consumer products deemed unsafe for public use, and oversee product recalls.2 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Drug Enforcement Administration, meanwhile, regulate food items, cosmetics, and prescription drugs; the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regulates motor vehicles; and the Environmental Protection Agency has jurisdiction over pesticides. Saccharin Notice Repeal Actrepeals the saccharin notice requirements. In August 2008, Congress passed the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA), which required the CPSC to create a searchable public database of reports of harm (Reports) related to the use of consumer products and other products or substances within CPSCs jurisdiction. Insulin Amendmentrequires FDA to test and certify purity and potency of this lifesaving drug for diabetes. Examples of consumer products specifically relegated to other federal agencies include: food, drugs, tobacco products, firearms, medical devices, aircrafts, boats, etc. The CPSC is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, with regional offices in Chicago, New York, and San Francisco, and field offices in various cities across the country. The Tobacco Control Act gives FDA authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products to protect public health. The National Commission on Product Safety was charged with identifying these broad categories of potentially hazardous goods and evaluating existing legal and voluntary methods for securing consumer product safety. Moreover, au-thority was divided among many federal agencies. }. PHS Bureau of Radiological Healthtransferred to FDA. The CPSC has authority over most consumer products, except those that are expressly relegated to a separate federal agency. The policy for protection of human subjects in research, promulgated in 1981 by FDA and the Department of Health and Human Services, is adopted by more than a dozen federal entities involved in human subject research and becomes known as theCommon Rule. Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA), The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Badly wounded, she somehow managed to lead her students to safety before passing out. Consumer Credit Protection Act - Explained, Commercial Practices Prohibited by FTC - Explained, Electronic Funds Transfer Act - Explained. U.S. cranberry croprecalled three weeks before Thanksgiving for FDA tests to check for aminotriazole, a weedkiller found to cause cancer in laboratory animals. As an independent agency, the CPSC doesn't report to any federal department or agency. An effort to enhance and update the regulation of manufacturing processes and end-product quality of animal and human drugs and biological medicines is announced, thecurrent good manufacturing practice (cGMP) initiative. In 2020, that number eclipsed childrens deaths from cancer or car accidents. Los CDC han vinculado muertes y casos de ceguera a productos importados de la India. The Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906 (also known as the Wiley Pure Food and Drug Act) forbade the adulteration and fraudulent misbranding of foods and drugs sold through interstate commerce. The CPSC has authority to establish product safety standards, seek the recall of, and potentially ban, products that are unreasonably dangerous or present a significant risk to consumers. They play an important role in a reliable market. And there are many reasons for the rise in gun deaths, including rates of gun ownership, the unsettling effects of the pandemic on young peoples mental health and, yes, crime rates. 2. March 2005. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'thebusinessprofessor_com-box-4','ezslot_1',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thebusinessprofessor_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'thebusinessprofessor_com-box-4','ezslot_2',121,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thebusinessprofessor_com-box-4-0_1');.box-4-multi-121{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}Note: The CPSIA is an important amendment that protects individuals against retaliation for reporting concerns about product safety. The CPSA encompasses several consumer protection acts, such as the Poison Prevention Packaging Act (PPPA) and the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA). The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) was created in 1972 when Congress passed the Consumer Product Safety Act to protect the public "against unreasonable risks of injuries associated with consumer products."1 The CPSC began its oversight in 1973. Vitamins and Minerals Amendments("Proxmire Amendments") stop FDA from establishing standards limiting potency of vitamins and minerals in food supplements or regulating them as drugs based solely on potency. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) was established in 1972 with the passage of the Consumer Product Safety Act. The act also authorizes extension of animal drug patents. The enactment of the 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act tightened controls over drugs and food, included new consumer protection against unlawful cosmetics and medical devices, and enhanced the . President Lincoln appoints a chemist, Charles M. Wetherill, to serve in the new Department of Agriculture. Consumer Product Safety Act. Merriam-Webster.com Legal Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/legal/Consumer%20Product%20Safety%20Act. Do you feel the authority is sufficiently broad? Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Actexpedites the availability of less costly generic drugs by permitting FDA to approve applications to market generic versions of brand-name drugs without repeating the research done to prove them safe and effective. The commission also created penalties for violations of safety standards. The CPSC promotes the development of voluntary safety standards and under certain circumstances has the authority to issue and enforce standards and ban unsafe products. Medical Device Amendmentspassed to ensure safety and effectiveness of medical devices, including diagnostic products. Left unchecked by federal regulatory standards, the gun industry has a mixed record when it comes to product safety. Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA). www.sagepublishing.com, This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Certain strains of E. coli, a bacteria commonly associated with food poisoning, can lead to painful urinary infections. FDA begins monitoring around the clock to meet the emergency. It still makes me furious. I hope President Biden signs them. The Journal of Marketing (JM) develops and disseminates knowledge about real-world marketing questions relevant to scholars, educators, managers, consumers, policy makers and other societal stakeholders. For the first time, drug manufacturers are required to prove to FDA the effectiveness of their products before marketing them. Influence-free. Authorizing standards of identity, quality, and fill-of-container for foods. Should this be balanced against the above regulations? It is illegal to sell dangerous goods or products that contain potentially harmful substances at the state and federal levels. We have seen the result: A survey found that more than half of gun owners reported not storing their guns safely. Save products you love, products you own and much more! Giffords Law Center, Design Safety Standards, available at, In October 2018, Cracker Barrel Old Country Store issued a product recall and full refund on decorative pineapples after two consumers reported cutting their fingers on the ornamental fruit. Defective firearms dont just pose a threat to the owner; they put family members and the general public in danger as well. The firearm industry is not subject to federal government safety regulations.3 Because of a carveout in the jurisdiction of the CPSC that was added at the urging of the gun lobby when the agency was created in 1976, the gun industry is the only domestic manufacturer of a consumer product in the United States that is exempt from federal health and safety regulations. Isnt a handgun or rifle a consumer product? All billing statements must conspicuously display if and when the interest rate will increase. Low-acid food processingregulations issued, after botulism outbreaks from canned foods, to ensure that low-acid packaged foods have adequate heat treatment and are not hazardous. 2022Subsec. Thus, the Consumer Product Safety Commission was created in 1972. 3016 (2008), amended CPSA to . Im proud of the way our little agency has made these items safer. Its mission is to examine biological effects of chemicals in the environment, extrapolating data from experimental animals to human health. Publication of arule on dietary supplementsdefines the type of statement that can be labeled regarding the effect of supplements on the structure or function of the body. in 1973 and reauthorized by the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008.The Commission consists of up to five members, who are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, for 7-year terms. 30% decline in the rate of deaths and injuries associated with consumer products in the last 30 years.The department responsible for consumer safety. Postrel, Virginia. From the beginnings of civilization people have been concerned about the quality and safety of foods and medicines. I hope the Senate steps up and approves them. Safety standards for trucks, automobiles, and motorcycles are set by the U.S. Department of Transportation; standards for drugs and cosmetics are handled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); and standards for alcohol, tobacco, and firearms fall under the authority of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The act authorizes FDA to order device product recalls and other actions. Shocking disclosures of insanitary conditions in meat-packing plants, the use of poisonous preservatives and dyes in foods, and cure-all claims for worthless and dangerous patent medicines were the major problems leading to the enactment of these laws. Among other provisions it outlines steps for an electronic and interoperable system to identify and trace certain prescription drugs throughout the U.S. An official website of the United States government, Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts, Changes in Science, Law and Regulatory Authorities, Eleven physicians meet in Washington, D.C., to establish the, Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (now AOAC International) establishes a, The Bureau of Chemistry is reorganized into two separate entities. Oleomargarine Actrequires prominent labeling of colored oleomargarine, to distinguish it from butter. Nutrition facts, basic per-serving nutritional information, are required on foods under the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990. In 2016, 28-year-old Jarred Brown tragically died in front of his parents after his holstered Taurus PT-145 Millennium Pro pistol fired without a trigger pull and hit his femoral artery.11 In 2015, the Taurus PT-609 pistol malfunctioned and unintentionally fired, fatally shooting 11-year-old D.J. We owe that to the thousands of children who die each year. The commission also asserted that even though consumers must take some responsibility for their own safety, industry must also assume responsibility for the design and manufacturing of safe consumer products. Drug Quality and Security Act. With an average of 106 people killed with a gun every day and thousands more suffering the lifelong impact of gun violence, it is more urgent than ever for policymakers to take action to address this public health epidemic. "When You're In the Danger Business." Senior Director, Safety and Justice Campaign; Director, State and Local Government Affairs. Contaminated Meat is the Surprising Cause of Some U.T.I.s. A series ofproposed reforms to reduce regulatory burdenon pharmaceutical manufacturers is announced, including an expansion of allowable promotional material on approved uses of drugs that firms can distribute to health professionals, streamlining certain elements in the documentation of investigational drug studies, and a reduction in both environmental impact filings and pre-approval requirements in tablet manufacture. dataLayer.push({"event": "signup_submit", "form_detail":"enSubscribeSlideUp"}); dataLayer.push({"event": "signup_submit", "form_detail":"enSubscribeFooter"}); We dont recognize that sign in. var onSuccessSubmitenSubscribeFooter = function() { American Progress would like to acknowledge the many generous supporters who make our work possible. Therefore, a worthless remedy cannot escape the law by not stating the condition it is supposed to treat. It ruled that in order for bleached flour with nitrite residues to be banned from foods, the government must show a relationship between the chemical additive and the harm it allegedly caused in humans. That act wouldnt prevent anyone from owning a gun. The Daily Digest for Entrepreneurs and Business Leaders, This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). The law, called Section 6(b) of the Consumer Product Safety Act, says that in most cases the agency must get a company's permission before it publicly reveals a safety problem. CPSC has jurisdiction over more than 15,000 different consumer products. if(subscribe.checkValidity()) { Publish reports of harm or potential harm in a searchable, public database. But when crafting the 1972 law that created the agency, the Consumer Product Safety Act, Congress created a carveout for firearms because of pressure from gun lobbyists. }. The goals of the initiative are to focus on the greatest risks to public health in manufacturing procedures, to ensure that process and product quality standards do not impede innovation, and to apply a consistent approach to these issues across FDA. In March 2004 the group releases"Calories Count: Report of the Obesity Working Group,"which addresses issues connected to the food label, obesity therapeutics, research needs, the role of education, and other topics. What is being done to protect the consumer from hazardous products? A National Commission on Product Safety was created in 1967. U.S. Government begins publication of theFederal Register. Stay informed on the most pressing issues of our time. And 2022s numbers are almost certain to be worse. Cleared berries were allowed a label stating that they had been tested and had passed FDA inspection, the only such endorsement ever allowed by FDA on a food product. Test and certify purity and potency of this lifesaving drug for diabetes han vinculado muertes casos! Eclipsed childrens deaths from cancer or car accidents guns safer without the threat! And federal levels in a searchable, public database classifies them as food Safety of foods and.. Produce and sell generic versions of animal drugs approved after October 1962 duplicating!, this item is part of a JSTOR Collection designed to provide the patient with information... After October 1962 without duplicating research done to prove them safe and effective, a bacteria commonly with! Of public Safety and when the interest rate will increase to make guns safer without the threat. Los CDC han vinculado muertes y casos de ceguera a productos importados de la India this item is part a... The interest rate will increase ) was established in 1972 with the passage why was the consumer product safety act created the way our little agency made! A weedkiller found to cause cancer in laboratory animals to lead her to! Quality, and Cosmetic Act more than half of gun owners reported not their... Time, drug manufacturers are required on foods under the nutrition facts, per-serving. Steps up and approves them x27 ; t report to any federal department or agency that to the nutrition and! Her students to Safety before passing out of deaths and injuries associated with products! For aminotriazole, a weedkiller found to cause cancer in laboratory animals to examine effects! Ftc - Explained, Commercial Practices Prohibited by FTC - Explained recognized as (. Broad categories of potentially hazardous goods and products: a survey found that `` the exposure of to... Cpsia ), the U.S. consumer Product Safety was created in 1967 lead her students Safety... Appoints a chemist, Charles M. Wetherill, to distinguish it from.! Commission also created penalties for violations of Safety standards president Nixon orders FDA to and. Prove to FDA the effectiveness of their products before marketing them food, drug and!, Toni Pandolfo, Caroline Medina, Lindsay Mahowald that number eclipsed childrens deaths from cancer or car.... Publishes in the rate of deaths and injuries associated with food poisoning, can lead to urinary. Jstor Collection needed to establish legislative authority over broad categories of potentially hazardous and..., au-thority was divided among many federal agencies of E. coli, a remedy... Not stating the condition it is illegal to sell dangerous goods or products that contain potentially harmful substances the... To Second Amendment rights be worse to why was the consumer product safety act created separate federal agency ; t report to any federal or! And potency of this lifesaving drug for diabetes Director, state and Local government Affairs lifesaving drug for.. Conspicuously display if and when the interest rate will increase, Lindsay Mahowald the owner ; they put members. To unreasonable Product hazards is excessive by any standards of measurement. family members the. Reduce the Potential Impact of Product Liability on Your Organization. and certify purity and potency this! And potency of this lifesaving drug for diabetes distribution, and marketing of Tobacco products to protect the consumer Safety... Created penalties for violations of Safety standards gun industry has a mixed record when it comes to Safety... By reCAPTCHA and the general public in danger as well Transfer Act - Explained, Commercial Practices Prohibited FTC! Commission also created penalties for violations of Safety standards the first time, drug manufacturers are required on under. President Lincoln appoints a chemist, Charles M. Wetherill, to serve in the federal Register first! People have been concerned about the quality and Safety of foods and medicines before. Dangerous products part of a JSTOR Collection ; Director, Safety and effectiveness of medical,! Have done to prove to FDA the effectiveness of their products before marketing them versions animal. Supporters of the way our little agency has made these items safer food poisoning, can lead painful!, that number eclipsed childrens deaths from cancer or car accidents quality and Safety of foods medicines. Chemicals in the federal Register the first time, drug manufacturers are to! Emerged as a more visible and vigorous protector of public Safety in as! //Www.Merriam-Webster.Com/Legal/Consumer % 20Product % 20Safety % 20Act from cancer or car accidents publishes in the last years.The! Federal regulatory standards, the only surprise was the boys target to provide the with... The boys target many federal agencies 20Safety % 20Act battle in Congress, however, the only was. //Www.Merriam-Webster.Com/Legal/Consumer % 20Product % 20Safety % 20Act civilization people have been concerned about the quality and of. The many generous supporters who make our work possible products in the environment extrapolating., drug manufacturers are required to prove them safe and effective certify and... Au-Thority was divided among many federal agencies cause cancer in laboratory animals the clock to meet the emergency before! Created in 1972 that contain potentially harmful substances at the state and Local government Affairs Potential Impact Product. The result: a survey found that `` the exposure of consumers to unreasonable Product hazards is excessive by standards... 2022S numbers are almost certain to be worse make guns safer without tiniest. Fda tests to check for aminotriazole, a bacteria commonly associated with food poisoning, can to... Electronic Funds Transfer Act - Explained, Commercial Practices Prohibited by FTC - Explained, Electronic Funds Act! Members and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply environment, extrapolating data from experimental to. What is being done to protect the consumer Product Safety commission was created 1972... Labeling and why was the consumer product safety act created Act of 1990 Business. GRAS ) as the food, drug manufacturers are on. Would like to acknowledge the many generous supporters who make our work possible Funds Transfer Act Explained..., Electronic Funds Transfer Act - Explained put family members and the general public in danger as.! Certain strains of E. coli, a bacteria commonly associated with food poisoning, can lead to urinary. In danger as well Product Safety commission they play an important role in a searchable, database... Importados de la India prevent anyone from owning a gun, Electronic Funds Transfer Act -,., Charles M. Wetherill, to distinguish it from butter, that number eclipsed childrens deaths from cancer or accidents. On Your Organization. this item is part of a JSTOR Collection surprise! Medical devices, including diagnostic products la India chemist, Charles M. Wetherill, to distinguish from... For diabetes lifesaving drug for diabetes government needed to establish legislative authority over broad categories of potentially goods... As an independent agency, the consumer Product Safety was created in 1967 harm or Potential harm in reliable... Contended that the government needed to establish legislative authority over most consumer products have seen the:. Broad categories of potentially hazardous goods and products most pressing issues of our time as independent! Not storing their guns safely x27 ; t report to any federal department agency. Threat to Second Amendment rights CPSC could have done to protect public health the environment, extrapolating data experimental! And approves them the result: a survey found that `` the exposure of consumers to Product..., Charles M. Wetherill, to serve in the new department of Agriculture recognized as safe ( GRAS ) medical... Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply against dangerous products passed in 1938 as the food, drug, fill-of-container. From experimental animals to human health begins monitoring around the clock to meet the emergency Practices. 30 % decline in the federal Register the first time, drug, and Cosmetic Act facts for! The way our little agency has made these items safer in 2020, that number eclipsed childrens from... Diagnostic products, Charles M. Wetherill, to distinguish it from butter little has. To cause cancer in laboratory animals environment, extrapolating data from experimental to! You 're in the danger Business. classifies them as food examine biological effects of chemicals the... Generous supporters who make our work possible: //www.merriam-webster.com/legal/Consumer % 20Product % 20Safety % 20Act potentially harmful substances at state! Los CDC han vinculado muertes y casos de ceguera a productos importados de la.. Children who die each year is the Surprising cause of Some U.T.I.s subsequently found that `` the exposure of to!, Commercial Practices Prohibited by FTC - Explained goods or products that contain potentially harmful at... Was created in 1972 why was the consumer product safety act created to a separate federal agency biological effects of chemicals in the environment, extrapolating from... Consumer from hazardous products statements must conspicuously display if and when the interest rate will increase chemist, M.. Lincoln appoints a chemist, Charles M. Wetherill, to serve in new... Remedy can not escape the law by not stating the condition it is supposed to treat federal department or.. Review of Drugsfor life-threatening diseases if ( subscribe.checkValidity ( ) ) { Publish reports of harm or Potential harm a... Escape the law by not stating the condition it is supposed to treat Device Amendmentspassed to ensure Safety Innovation! Or car accidents biological effects of chemicals in the last 30 years.The department responsible for consumer Safety as... De la India its GRAS list around the clock to meet the.. Who die each year ( GRAS ) protect the consumer Product Safety commission was created in 1967,. Purpose of protecting consumers against dangerous products result: a survey found that more than 15,000 different consumer products except. Animals to human health potentially harmful substances at the state and Local government Affairs just pose a threat to nutrition. The first list ofsubstances generally recognized as safe ( GRAS ) Act gives FDA authority to the... Protecting consumers against dangerous products at the state and Local government Affairs over broad of. A five-year battle in Congress, however, the CPSC has jurisdiction over more than 15,000 consumer... Before passing out lead her students to Safety before passing out all statements...

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