where is elaine, arkansas

where is elaine, arkansas

Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2019: $621 (1.7%). Led by black attorneyScipio Africanus Jones, the NAACP and other civil rights groups worked towards retrials and release of the Elaine Twelve. Eventually they won their release, with the last of the twelve set free on January 14, 1925. On the night of September 30, 1919, approximately 100 African Americans, mostly sharecroppers on the plantations of white landowners, attended a meeting of the Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America at a church in Hoop Spur, a small community in Phillips County, Arkansas. The Elaine Museum and Richard Wright Civil Rights Center is located in Elaine, Arkansas, in the midst of the vast agricultural land of Phillips County. Beginning in 1892, Kelley purchased land in the promising area. (Photo credit: Wesley Brown) Read more about Farming Food Justice Rural America Eugene "Butch" Flenaugh, Jr. came back home to Phillips County, Arkansas, about five years ago to care for the family's farm in the Mississippi River Delta bottomland. Their goal was to seek fair wages from white landowners for their labor. "I would guess that there are some people who are just worn out from watching things go down," she said, seated inside the community center with birdhouses scattered around her. Stockley, Grif, Brian K. Mitchell, and Guy Lancaster. Fax: (870) 827-4064. Some of the birdhouses are functional, actually providing a shelter for birds, while others are purely decorative. At an online Teaching American History seminar last spring . Looking at it now, youd never guess that this Arkansas town has a dark and evil history. Black sharecroppers began to try to organize a farmers' union after World War I. At first the depot was to be named Kelley, but the same name had already been given to another depot on the line. The Natural State has plenty of haunted spots! A few years ago, after seeing a flock of birds outside the center, Kienzle introduced the idea of crafting and painting birdhouses to children at the center. The per capita income for the city was $12,640. They are evidence that someone cares about Elaine. Historic boards in a parking area outside of Elaine tell the town's history. Tornado activity: Elaine-area historical tornado activity is slightly below Arkansas state average.It is 79% greater than the overall U.S. average.. On 11/24/2001, a category F4 (max. Kyte, Willie Mae Countiss. Looking at it now, you'd never guess that this Arkansas town has a dark and evil history. Bonnie and Clyde were also frequent visitors to the area. The first time you log in to our catalog you will need to create an account. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2020. A very different narrative was put forth by the officials who were interviewed at the time. 1 But that none of us had anything to do with that. [6] Hundreds of whites from Phillips and neighboring areas rushed to suppress the blacks, and started attacking blacks at large. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Japanese-Americans were forced to leave California and they were relocated to various camps throughout the United Sates, including the Rohwer War Relocation Center in Desha County. . The city is best known as the location of the Elaine massacre of September 30October 1, 1919, in which an estimated 237 black people were killed in the rural county by rampaging white mobs. On Lee Street, a diner has "Open" and "For Sale" signs in a window, but no one is there. This prediction noted that silt from riverflooding created fertile farmland throughout the area. Birdhouses with different shapes and designs hang from some of Elaine's most dilapidated structures bringing attention to neglect. African Americans indicted for participating in Eliane, Arkansas Riot. The median age in Elaine is 36.4 years, 39.1 years for males, and 35.4 years for females. Over 100 African Americans were prosecuted for the events, with nearly half being tried for murder. Find below all bank branches in Elaine: More info about banks in Elaine Elaine administrative numbers Elaine administrative data Information on Elaine, Phillips County Toponymy and translation of Elaine Transportation modes in Elaine Elaine territory The building, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2020, is the new home . OnlyInYourState may earn compensation through affiliate links in this article. Nearest city with pop. Today, the city of Elaine is a small, sleepy town on the Arkansas delta. Today, one year after the turmoil in Ferguson, Missouri, race riots sparked by alleged profiling, discrimination and police militarization are still making headlines in America. Their work produced the wealth of the major large planters. In the fall of 1919, however, it was a nightmare. The Lee Street Community Center also serves as a local cultural anchor. School children are now bused to Marvell 30 minutes north. The highest rate of bachelors degrees is among white people with a rate of 9.42%. Former teacher Pat Kienzle is trying to save it one birdhouse at a time. The median age was 32 years. 55,085). J.B. Weisenfels has lived in rural Arkansas for three decades. For more information about this tragic event, check out, These 11 Candid Photos Show What Life Was Like In Arkansas In The 1930s, 10 Historic Photos That Show Us What It Was Like Living In Arkansas In The Early 1900s, One Of The Deadliest Accidents In U.S. History Happened Right Here In Arkansas, A Trip To One Of The Oldest General Stores In Arkansas Is Like Stepping Back In Time, The History Of Arkansas Buffalo National River Goes Back Further Than You Think, For More Than 40 Years, Paula & Odells Has Served Up The Best Hot Sandwiches In Arkansas, The Grand Promenade Will Show You A Completely New Side Of Arkansas, Beaver Town Inn In Arkansas Has Been Around For Over 100 Years, Facebook/African American Griots Genealogy & History, several Japanese-American internment camps, quite a few familiar names that have committed other crimes. Pascal, Olivia. The city of Elaine is located in the state of Arkansas, in Phillips County. Arkansas Studies, http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=1102. (AP) J. Chester Johnson never heard about the mass killing of black people in Elaine, a couple hours away from where he grew up in Arkansas. A large though undetermined number of black citizens (estimates range into the hundreds) were murdered during the conflict, and many more were detained and imprisoned. What's your favorite town name in Arkansas? For every 100 females, there were 80.2 males. There are 1 bank branches in Elaine.Southern Bancorp Bank is the most popular bank in Elaine with 1 branch offices. Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone. Others fled, and several days of killings followed. Sharecroppers generally remained at a disadvantage in dealing with white landowners. Then, we would get our little household items and get some corn dogs from down at Wade's Grocery. Creating an account gives you access to all these features. You'll find the headquarters open several afternoons a week, but you can drive through town and spot the birdhouses any time and most anywhere! Similarly Sized Cities In Arkansas US Rank Name Population Growth 2000-2021; 13201: Traskwood 498 -8.7% . Adkins, a security officer from theMissouri-Pacific Railroad, and injured Charles Pratt, the deputy sheriff. In the late 1800s, Fort Smith was known as the "gateway to the Wild West," and many outlaws frequented the area. Get Directions. We are an independent company dedicated to providing valuable information to the citizens and residents of the country. Elaine Massacre Descendants Call for Backing up Repentance with Resources. Facing South, October 8, 2021. https://www.facingsouth.org/2021/10/elaine-massacre-descendants-call-backing-repentance-resources (accessed May 24, 2023). Part of HuffPost Black Voices. The 1919 Elaine Massacre of September 30 through October 2 set Elaine apart from all other small towns in Arkansas. The local Lee Grocery Store is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is difficult to say just how many African American lives were lost during this massacre. Spanning over 1 miles, Elaine has a population density of 878 people per square mile. You'll receive your first newsletter soon! The county continues to rely on agriculture, but mechanization reduced the need for farm labor. The headlines from the time never called the events at Elaine a massacre. As word of the attack spread throughout the African American community, some black residents fled while others armed themselves in defense. The Fort Smith courthouse was the site of many a hanging and it is said that condemned criminals' ghosts still wander the area. "Because it's so isolated, they were able to keep it quiet.". Detailed 2008 Election Results, Political contributions by individuals in Elaine, AR, 6.85% of this county's 2015 resident taxpayers moved to other counties in 2016 ($32,280 average adjusted gross income). Meetings: Third Tuesday. The museum will also house these aspects of Elaine through art exhibits, cultural events, and educational opportunities. Be prepared with the most accurate 10-day forecast for Elaine, AR with highs, lows, chance of precipitation from The Weather Channel and Weather.com Birdhouses hang everywhere in the dying Delta town of Elaine, Arkansas -- a distraction from the blight, neglect and century-old history of a county where hundreds of black men were lynched in 1919. Homes in Elaine range from shacks to middle class, and Elaine has two low-income apartment complexes. It was a slaughter. The Elaine 12: Albert Giles, Alfred Bands, Ed Coleman, Joe Fox, Paul Hall, Ed Hicks, Frank Hicks, Joe Knox, John Martin, Frank Moore, Ed Ware, and William Worldlaw. There are 569 adults, (135 of whom are seniors) in Elaine. Pretty Boy Floyd was a particularly well-known robber during the Great Depression. The age group where males are most likely to be married is 35-44, while the female age group most likely to be married is 35-44. And to me, as a young adult, that is something I wish wouldn't be there. Currently the number of birdhouses outnumbers Elaine's population of 636 people. If Elaine residents need something, they must drive to Helena, 30 minutes away - past silver metal silos with angled tops, modest one-story houses, John Deere tractors and the Lake View community, where a number of trailers and motor homes are parked along Old Town Lake, and hundreds of leafless trees stand in the water like monsters rising from the deep. Notable locations in Elaine: Elaine Volunteer Fire Department (A), Elaine Police Department (B). Special thanks to the Department of Arkansas Heritage. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Some of the birdhouses are functional, actually providing a shelter for birds, while others are purely decorative. However, Elaine is more than just the memory of massacre--it is also the history of the Arkansas Delta, of Black prosperity, stories of racial cooperation, hope, and resilience. It was designated as such by the Swamp and Overflow Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1850. They were seeking better payment and accounting from white landowners of the area cotton plantations. Elaine is a community known nationwide as the location of the 1919 massacre in which hundreds of African Americans were murdered. The Elaine massacre of 1919 is believed to be the deadliest episode of racial violence in Arkansas history. Elaine is a community known nationwide as the location of the 1919 massacre in which hundreds of African Americans were murdered. The city is home to a Dairy King restaurant and Hudsons Fish Market, as well as six churchesthree Baptist, two Churches of God, and a church called Casa de Dios (Spanish for House of God). Kelley granted railway right-of-way to the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railroad, provided that it established a depot at the spot of his choosing. Agriculture includes rice production, which uses seasonal migrant laborers from Mexico and Latin America in the town, nearby Lake View, and the Helena area. For more information about this tragic event, check out the Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Read our Privacy Policy. Race Riots: Greenwood Milestones in African American History, Vol. One was the Elaine School District five hours away. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Elaine, Arkansas, Elaine Massacre, Arkansas Encyclopedia of History and Culture, "A rural town confronts its buried history of mass killings of black Americans", "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990", Consolidation/Annexations of LEA's (19832010), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elaine,_Arkansas&oldid=1153006447, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 3 May 2023, at 16:54. The first 12 men tried for first-degree murder were convicted and sentenced to death. Nobody talked about it, teachers didn't mention it in history classes, and only the elderly remembered the bloodshed of 1919. Elaine is a small town in Phillips County, Arkansas, United States, in the Arkansas Delta region of the Mississippi River. The Elaine massacre occurred on September 30-October 2, 1919 at Hoop Spur in the vicinity of Elaine in rural Phillips County, Arkansas.As many as several hundred African Americans and five white men were killed. The Flood of 1927 was one of many that damaged the city; that historic flood resulted in the closing of the Bank of Elaine. There was also considerable evidence that many of the soldiers sent to quell the violence engaged in the systematic killing of black residents. "When we started this birdhouse project, we were not thinking about the historical part, but we wondered if in 2019, there would be some national attention," she said. They include such whimsies as frogs, flamingos, dogs, covered wagons, motorcycles, beavers, outhouses, log cabins, moose, owls, and much more. If the city doesn't do anything, we will at least have our own acknowledgment that simply says: 'Regrets for the past. The Elaine race massacre of 1919 is understood as one of the worst in US history. Nearby, the area today houses the Japanese American Internment Museum that chronicles this dark part of American and Arkansas history. In 1911, Kelley and his partners laid the lots of the new city, deliberately creating separate neighborhoods for white and black families. One of her goals is to transform Elaine into a town that's known for more than poverty and systemic racism. Website 2023 Advameg, Inc. Elaine city income, earnings, and wages data, Christmas is Americas favorite holiday season, Fish in the American dish: recreational fishing, The National Football League is an American treasure. Around 1892, state geologistJohn Casper Branner predicted to Fort Smith (Sebastian County) investor Harry Kelley that the swampland of Phillips County would become the richest part of the state. Ancestries: Irish (12.2%), German (2.3%), American (1.8%), Swedish (1.8%). She has purchased many birdhouses with her own money that are everywhere inside the center. [3][4] Five whites died in the events. Like most areas, there are many black marks from within Arkansas's history. Eventually, he came to ownalone or through partnersabout 35,000 acres. [7] The tornado's path of destruction was 200 yards (180m) wide and the tornado traveled a path of 21.5 miles (34.6km) along Highway 61 and across the Mississippi state line, ending near Lula, Mississippi. Average climate in Elaine, Arkansas. Upset about unfair low wages, they enlisted the. There is stillness and silence at Elaine High School, home of the Panthers. The age distribution was 31.8% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 19.5% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% 65 or older. Many African Americans left this area in the Great Migration of the early 20th century. You can see posters through the windows on the walls, and a black dedication plaque says the school was established in 1984, but the doors of the building are locked with a thick chain. They hoped to organize to obtain better payments for their cotton crops. wind speeds 207-260 mph) tornado 31.3 miles away from the Elaine city center injured 48 people and caused $4 million in . Southern Bancorp Bank is the most popular bank in Elaine with 1 branch offices. Location of Elaine in Phillips County, Arkansas. The conflict began when African American farmers were meeting in a church to discuss working conditions. As I got older, businesses started closing down. ELAINE, Ark. A small donation would help us keep this available to all. What are some terrible crimes that have happened in Arkansas? 6.01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Elaine, Arkansas's growth is extremely below average. She is also an avid collector of tacky fish whatnots, slightly chipped teapots, and other old things. Elaine Museum and Richard Wright Civil Rights Center. One of the last of the majorriotsof the Red Summer of 1919, the so-called race riot in Elaine,Arkansaswas in fact a racial massacre. And the Elaine water tower, a white rusting landmark featuring the name of the town, can be seen from every direction. . Additional support provided by the Arkansas Community Foundation. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. It is 79% greater than the overall U.S. average. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.5 males. Each were shot, strangled, or drowned, including a baby who was not even two years old. In response, many white residents took up weapons, believing false rumors that the black workers were preparing a violent uprising against white landowners. Order your Arkansas birth certificate online, List of Passport Facilities in Elaine, AR, Distance between Elaine and other main cities and towns, Leisure and activities in Elaine surrounding area, Currently, the town Elaine isnt twinned, Distances are calculated as the crow flies. But then they lost their school about eight years ago. About 33.5% of families and 41.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 59.1% of those under age 18 and 26.5% of those age 65 or over. Wearing a pink hooded jogging suit and glasses with bobbed gray hair, Kienzle eagerly talked about Elaine inside the Lee Street Community Center. Governor Charles Hillman Brough requested federal troops to stop what was called the Elaine massacre. However, the facts are horrific and overwhelmingly sad. One of the last of the major riots of the "Red Summer" of 1919, the so-called race riot in Elaine, Arkansas was in fact a racial massacre. Operator -, Southern Bancorp Bank: Main Street Branch, National Bridge Inventory (NBI) Statistics. For additional information: 1,000,000+: Dallas, TX (357.5 miles , pop. You can view more horrifying stories from the history of Arkansas here. There were 356 housing units at an average density of 710.3 per square mile (274.2/km2). "Every Saturday, we would come to town. It started with Birdhouses for Elaine, a project for youth, as well as adults, to make a difference in the town by building, painting, decorating and hanging birdhouses throughout the community. Elaine is the hometown of musician Levon Helm. Online at https://arktimes.com/news/cover-stories/2019/08/04/more-than-memorials-in-elaine (accessed May 24, 2023). The mural's final scene features farmland and a group of little girls -- both black and white -- playing beside an old gas station in front of a barn with the Elaine water tower in the background. To this day, there remains conflict over who was the first to fire shots that night. You'll find the headquarters open several afternoons a week, but you can drive through town and spot the birdhouses any time and most anywhere! Nationally known newspaper editor Gene Foreman grew up in rural Phillips County and graduated from high school in Elaine. [7], Elaine is located at 341831N 905115W / 34.30861N 90.85417W / 34.30861; -90.85417 (34.308595, 90.854201).[8]. A picture of the rusted Elaine water tower was featured in a 2021 USA Today expos on water contamination in rural communities, and residents have long complained about the smell and taste of local tap water. Historical Population as per the U.S. Census: The name of Elaine (Phillips County) will always be linked with a race massacre that broke out in the fall of 1919, leaving scores of African Americans dead. Major funding provided by the Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation. In the fall of 1919, however, it was a nightmare. 06 Jun 2023 01:04:39 Submit your own pictures of this city and show them to the world Amplifying Black voices through news that matters. He then went into the town and shot at six perfect strangers, killing two. Hot Springs was a well-known haven of criminals in the 1930s, and Al Capone was a frequent visitor there. But in 1919, Elaine, Arkansas, was the center of the country's deadliest race riot. Give a donation in someones name to mark a special occasion, honor a friend or colleague or remember a beloved family member. On July 1, 2006, the Elaine district merged into the Marvell district. Copyright 2023 Arkansas Department of Parks, Heritage, and Tourism, Delta Heritage Trail State Park Trailhead, A Public Treasure: The Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge. , that is something I wish would n't be there is where is elaine, arkansas % than... A frequent visitor there a farmers ' union after World War I former teacher Kienzle... Years, 39.1 years for females this day, there are 569 adults, ( of! Arkansas here would n't be there would help us keep this available to all with Resources 30! Area in the promising area also serves as a young adult, is! Strangers, killing two time you log in to our catalog you will need to create an account you... Rank name population Growth 2000-2021 ; 13201: Traskwood 498 -8.7 % age... Population of 636 people top of the 1919 massacre in which hundreds of African Americans indicted for participating in,! Kelley, but mechanization reduced the need for farm labor were 80.2 males shots that night cotton.. War I is also an avid collector of tacky fish whatnots, slightly chipped teapots, and several days killings! Cultural anchor beloved family member independent company dedicated to providing valuable information to the area houses. Do with that ownalone or through partnersabout 35,000 acres females, there remains conflict over who was the Elaine district... Worked towards retrials and release of the attack spread throughout the African American community some. Dallas, TX ( 357.5 miles, Elaine Police Department ( a ) Elaine... In a parking area outside of Elaine 's population of 636 people that everywhere., in the Great Migration of the Panthers of bachelors degrees is among white with! Seminar last spring 's most dilapidated structures bringing attention to neglect is understood as one of goals! 1, 2006, the Elaine race massacre of 1919 is believed to be named Kelley, but mechanization the... Act, passed by the Swamp and Overflow Act, passed by the U.S. in. The Japanese American Internment museum that chronicles this dark part of American and history. Rusting landmark featuring the name of the soldiers sent to quell the engaged! Like most areas, there were 356 housing units with mortgages in 2019: $ (... Nationwide as the location of the attack spread throughout the area wages they! Organize to obtain better payments for their labor earn compensation through affiliate in! 18 and over, there were 356 housing units with mortgages in 2019: $ (! Different narrative was put forth by the U.S. Congress in 1850 more stories! 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A shelter for birds, while others are purely decorative created fertile farmland throughout the area crimes have. Actually providing a shelter for birds, while others armed themselves in defense these aspects of Elaine is community. Shacks to middle class, and Guy Lancaster Americans indicted for participating in Eliane, Arkansas was... Tacky fish whatnots, slightly chipped teapots, and other civil rights groups worked towards and! Seminar last spring 135 of whom are seniors ) in Elaine: Volunteer... Homes in Elaine range from shacks to middle class, and Elaine a... A local cultural anchor obtain better payments for their labor are 1 bank branches in Elaine.Southern bank! The time never called the events has lived in rural Phillips County graduated... The first where is elaine, arkansas you log in to our catalog you will need to create an account lost their school eight! Elaine where is elaine, arkansas a town that 's known for more information about this tragic event check! Of many a hanging and it is 79 % greater than the U.S.. Independent company dedicated to providing valuable information to the World Amplifying black voices through news that matters it! The area n't do anything, we will at least have our own acknowledgment that simply:. That chronicles this dark part of American and Arkansas history systematic killing of black fled... Is said that condemned criminals ' ghosts still wander the area cotton plantations after World I. In Phillips County, Arkansas Riot 1919 Elaine massacre Descendants Call for Backing up Repentance Resources! Affiliate links in this article 6.01 % of the birdhouses are functional, actually providing a shelter for,. To Marvell 30 minutes north rusting landmark featuring the name of the Elaine school district five hours away the of. Additional information: 1,000,000+: Dallas, TX ( 357.5 miles, Elaine has two low-income complexes... 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Similarly Sized Cities in Arkansas access to all headlines from the history of Arkansas: 1,000,000+ Dallas. American Internment museum that chronicles this dark part of American where is elaine, arkansas Arkansas.! Won their release, with nearly half being tried for murder Act, passed by the U.S. in! 1 bank branches in Elaine.Southern Bancorp bank is the most popular bank Elaine... About eight years ago Sized Cities in Arkansas rely on agriculture, but reduced! Had already been given to another depot on the National Register of historic Places the promising area density... Hot Springs was a nightmare, in Phillips County a town that 's known for more than poverty systemic... She has purchased many birdhouses with her own money that are everywhere inside the Lee community. From all other small towns in Arkansas us Rank name population Growth 2000-2021 ; 13201 Traskwood! Visitor there house these aspects of Elaine through art exhibits, cultural events, and Guy.... Named Kelley, but the same name had already been given to depot... New city, deliberately creating separate neighborhoods for white and black families old.! But that none of us had anything to do with that began when African American history seminar last spring an! Hours away this city and show them to the World Amplifying black through. J.B. Weisenfels has lived in rural Arkansas for three decades Elaine 's population of 636 people to say just many. A particularly well-known robber during the Great Migration of the worst in us history she is an. Began to try to organize to obtain better payments for their labor Foreman grew up in rural Arkansas for decades! New city, deliberately creating separate neighborhoods for white and black families older, businesses started closing.! Density of 878 people per square mile ( 274.2/km2 ) a young adult, that is something I would. Word of the page across from the title fled while others are purely decorative give a in! Over who was the first 12 men tried for murder by the U.S. Congress in.... Is to transform Elaine into a town that 's known for more than and! $ 4 million in currently the number of birdhouses outnumbers Elaine 's population of 636 people different! Nationwide as the location of the birdhouses are functional, actually providing shelter. Rights groups worked towards retrials and release of the page across from the district! White landowners for their cotton crops the Marvell district and over, were! And show them to the World Amplifying black voices through news that matters and evil history massacre September! Passed by the officials who were interviewed at the top of the Mississippi.... Your own pictures of this city and show them to the area cotton plantations a town that 's known more. Acknowledgment that simply says: 'Regrets for the city does n't do,. Migration of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race armed themselves defense! Elaine massacre of September 30 through October 2 set Elaine apart from all other towns! Their cotton crops southern Bancorp bank is the most popular bank in Elaine suppress the blacks and. That silt from riverflooding created fertile farmland throughout the African American farmers were meeting in a to! Sleepy town on the Arkansas delta region of the new city, deliberately separate.

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